実践ビジネス英語 Wednesday, January 29
1) Lyons says hospital staffers who don't wash their hands properly are penalized, and that such positive and negative reinforcement is often more effective than appealing to people's reason. Garcia recommends avoiding crowds. And Umemura says many Japanese people wear masks because keeping away from large groups is impossible. Garcia also urges him not to touch sick people, and Lyons says those who are sick should stay home until they are well.
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Flu Season (4)
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2) fall down: To fail in some area, not do well in it. In this case, people who fail to observe proper hand-washing procedures. Imagine an online shop with a long, complicated ordering process, you could say, "Online ordering should be quick and easy. But this site 'falls down' in that department."
3) appeal to someone's rationality: Here "appeal" is a noun. It can also be a verb meaning to try to get someone to do something or accept something by aiming at their feelings, their attitudes, things like that. "I 'appealed to his' sense of duty," for example. It can also mean an urgent plea, an entreaty. The president "appealed to voters" to accept the new tax.
4) steer clear of: Avoid, keep away from, like you are maneuvering a car or some other vehicle away from something. "'Steer clear of' investments promising very high returns," for example. Or "You should 'steer clear of' the steak at this restaurant. It's not very good."
5) マスクのことを何と呼ぶか？ facial mask ともいう
お医者さんがつけているマスク surgical mask
6) airborne virus: An "airborne virus" is passed from person to person via the air. So you don't have to touch the other person, for example, or share bodily fluids to catch the virus from them. We also use "airborne" to mean flying in flight, such as "Chris should be "airborne" by now. His flight was scheduled to leave at three."
7) lay down the law: When we "lay down the law," we firmly tell someone "This is what you will do," or "This is how things are going to be," as if we were saying "This is the law and it will be obeyed."
8) For example, our boss "laid down the law" yesterday, "No leaving food in the office fridge overnight."
9) out of one's system: Lyons means until an illness or something else is literally out of a person's body. A doctor might tell you, "Make sure not to drink any alcohol until the medicine is completely 'out of your system.'"
10) However, we also say this and "get something out of one's system" to mean get rid of one's desire for something, often by expressing a feeling or actually doing the thing. For example, she finally complained to our boss about the slow computers, "got it out of her system."
11) mean well: Their intentions are good, in other words. We often use this when someone's intentions are good but their actions cause some kind of trouble, such as "Kevin 'means well,' but his feedback isn't well-phrased. People get offended."
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実践ビジネス英語 Thursday, January 30
1) Garcia advises Umemura to carefully consider whether to go to the doctor if he has the flu because he could come into contact with germs at the doctor's office. Lyons adds that Umemura should bring his own reading material if he goes to the doctor as sick people would have touched the materials in the waiting room. And Garcia urges him to wait until any fever has gone away before getting a flu shot.
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Flu Season (5)
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2) not do someone any favors: This will not help, Lyons means. It will have a negative effect, such as "He is 'not doing himself any favors' by being late all the time. People think he is uncommitted." We also have the expression "return the favor," which means do for someone else what they have done for us. And we can use this for good and bad things, such as "She has always helped me with my projects, and this week I was able to 'return the favor.'" Or "If I treat people with indifference, they are going to 'return the favor.'"
3) run the risk of: Put oneself at risk of something, put oneself in danger. If we procrastinate, we "run the risk of" missing deadlines. If we don't eat healthy food, we "run the risk of" getting sick.
4) germ: Garcia means microorganisms that cause disease, but we also use "germ" to mean the origin or basis of something. And this is especially common in the expression "germ of an idea." For example, "Her travels in Europe gave her the 'germ of an idea' for her novel."
5) get out of the habit of: To stop some common habitual behavior. "I'm trying to 'get out of the habit' of snacking between meals," for example. Or "He is trying to 'get out of the habit' of using his credit card all the time."
6) have a sniffle: To "sniffle" is to take repeated breaths through your nose because you have a cold or you've been crying, kind of like, (the sound of sniffles). We also say "have a sniffle" or "have the sniffles" to mean have a slight cold.
7) reading material: Things to read, in other words, magazines, books, that sort of thing.
8) you'd be surprised: The true state, a scale, number of something would surprise you. It's not what you might think, Garcia means. Things like "'You'd be surprised' how low her salary is." Or "'You'd be surprised' how many people don't back up their work."
9) We also say "will come as no surprise" or "should come as no surprise" to mean you already know this or you should expect it, such as "It 'should come as no surprise' that our sales have dropped significantly. The market is in very bad shape these days."
10) go around: Lyons means a lot of people are catching the flu. It's being passed between many people, and you can use this, of course, with other conditions. Be careful, the chicken pox is "going around."
11) We also use it about information or other things that are getting passed around a number of people, such as "There's a rumor 'going around' the office that Frank's leaving."
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実践ビジネス英語 Friday, January 31
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Flu Season (6)
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1[S]: In our current vignette, the H&B staff talk about how to avoid getting the flu including getting a flu shot. Do you get vaccinated every year, Heather?
2[H]: Actually, I got my very first flu shot in my entire life in 2012 right after my daughter was born that October. I had never really thought about getting a shot before that. I can't even remember the last time I caught the flu, so it didn't really feel like an urgent issue to me. However, the hospital asked me if I wanted one before my daughter and I were discharged.
And I thought I am going to be so busy and tired in the coming months. I might be more susceptible to flu bugs than usual. I should do everything I can to make sure she doesn't get sick, plus I can't afford to be laid up for however long. So I went ahead and got one. I didn't know they inject the vaccine into the muscle though. That hurt!
3[S]: Lyons stresses the importance of hand washing. Is that something you are diligent about?
4[H]: Yes, indeed. The thought that some people don't wash their hands after going to the bathroom makes me cringe. I've always washed my hands after that, but thanks again to my daughter, I've been washing even more frequently lately.
Now I make sure to scrub my hands as soon as I get home from work so I don't pass anything on to her. And I always wash my hands after I return to the office from lunch as well, and after diaper changes too, of course.
5[S]: Of course. Umemura talks about how people in Japan can't avoid large crowds, so people wear facemasks on trains and such to avoid airborne viruses. Do you do that too, Heather?
6[H]: I wear masks when I'm sick, or when my allergies are acting up. That's a habit I've adopted over my years in Japan. It can feel very odd to Americans at first, since we don't have that practice in the United States.
When I first wore masks I would jokingly ask other foreigners to give me a scalpel or say, "Stand and deliver! Hand over your gold and jewels." Now it feels completely natural to me. I've even worn masks overseas and gotten some strange looks as a result.
I'm allergic to dust and mold. So I wore a mask a few years ago when I visited an Italian museum that was converted from an old castle. The museum staff looked confused and wary as if they expected me to snatch a painting from the wall and make a dash for the nearest exit.
7[S]: Is there anything else you do to avoid getting sick?
8[H]: Well, I haven't been able to follow this rule as much as I'd like in recent months, but normally I'd say get lots of sleep. When I started to feel sick in the past, I've usually been able to head it off at the pass by taking a long nap or going to bed early at night.
9[S]: Lyons says that people who are sick should stay home, not come to work and risk infecting others. Do you agree?
10[H]: That's certainly the ideal, though I know many people go in because they have projects they need to finish or some other responsibility. I had to go in sick a few times myself. Once to record a television program I was working on. It was right before the New Year break and delaying the recording would have thrown off the whole schedule and interfered with everyone's vacations. So I rallied my strength and went into the studio.
Ironically, the sickness ultimately worked in my favor. I was feverish and flushed, but on camera it gave a nice rosy glow to my cheeks and a sparkle to my eyes. In terms of personal appearance, I think it was one of my best broadcasts.
【原稿チェック： Hieomi, Cecile, Ina, Kodo Ogata】
【ディクテーション： Sanae】
